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Baseline Survey: Landscaping Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Burden in Southeast Asia Region


AMR poses a significant threat to global public health since it results in close to 1.27 million deaths annually, and importantly this trend continues to rise globally. If no remedial action is taken, it is estimated the mortality attributable to AMR could rise to 10 million globally and this would represent a cumulative loss of US$ 100 trillion to the global economy by 2050. Besides, available global and domestic funds to contain the threat are limited, with high competition for resources between numerous health issues. Without sufficient level of evidence on its burden, AMR, referred to as the “silent pandemic”, might struggle to attract sufficient funding compared to other high-profile diseases or emergencies. To support countries and policymakers in making well-informed decisions about resource allocation, funding priorities, and strategies to combat AMR, it is necessary to develop the economic case for sustainable investment, in line with the Global Action Plan on AMR. There is an urgent need for more and higher-quality data to understand the trajectory of AMR in the region, reduce uncertainty about its impacts, and monitor interventions.
Commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO), the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) conducts a landscape analysis aiming at filling the knowledge gap regarding the burden of AMR in the SEAR. The survey specifically aims to assess current AMR surveillance initiatives, data collection patterns, as well as the implementation status of national action plans. Furthermore, it will gather information on One Health initiatives, policies, priorities, partnerships, and resource availability for AMR, AMU, and AMC surveillance at the country level.
Please note that all responses to this survey must reflect the situation in the country where your country office is based.
Based on the survey responses, you may be invited to participate in a more in-depth interview.
By participating in this baseline survey, you consent to your responses being stored and used for the Landscaping AMR Burden in SEARO project and potentially for other relevant projects conducted by IVI and WHO SEARO. Additionally, you agree to share the provided contact details with other survey respondents to support the project's objective of fostering regional and international collaborations for containing the AMR burden in the SEAR.

For any question about the survey, please contact: Camille.Dauvergne@ivi.int and if you encounter any technical issue, please contact: Julhas.Sujan@ivi.int


I understand and agree with the above statement

Section 1: Respondent Information


Country

Title

Family Name

Middle Names

First Name

Please indicate the organization under whose behalf you are responding to this survey

Actual position title

Official Email

Gender

Section 2: Governance


2.1 Which approach characterizes the current surveillance and containment of AMR threat in the country?

2.2 Please select the surveillance sectors covered in the adopted (or, developed) NAP

2.3 Does the country have an antimicrobial resistance coordination committee (AMRCC)?

If yes, which agency host the committee?

2.4 Does the country have a One Health secretariat?

If yes, which agency host the secretariat? Who is the lead and other members?

Section 3: National Action Plan (NAP)

3.1 Choose the number that best characterizes the implementation status of the national action plan on antimicrobial resistance?

Not implemented
Partially implemented
Fully implemented

3.2 Which year has the NAP implementation started?

3.3 What has been the main source of financial support for the development of AMR NAP?

If external, please specify the names of main funding organization(s)

3.4 What has been the main source of financial support for the implementation of AMR NAP?

If external, please specify the names of main funding organization(s)

3.5 What has been the main source of financial support for the review and update of AMR NAP?

If external, please specify the names of main funding organization(s)

Section 4: Policies and Priorities


4.1 How are AMR containment policies developed in the country? Select all that apply

If other, please specify

4.2 How high of a priority is the containment of antimicrobial resistance on the national (general) political agenda?

4.3 How high of a priority is the containment of antimicrobial resistance on the national health policy agenda?

4.4 What are the top 4 policies for AMR containment currently prioritized by the country? (Select max 4)

If other, please specify

4.5 Please provide references of those top priority policies or describe the reason(s) why you cannot provide reference

4.6 How frequently are these policies reviewed and updated?

If other, please specify

4.7 Please indicate separately the authority and affiliated members responsible for AMR containment policies’ proposal (drafting)/ review/ adoption/ update ?

4.8 Are national public consultations on AMR containment policies regularly held? (the issue can be part of a broader consultation topic)

If yes, please specify frequency

4.9 Are there any laws or regulations requiring antibiotics to be dispensed on prescription?

If yes, please specify frequency

4.10 Is there a National Essential Medicines List?

If yes, are antibiotics classified according to WHO AwaRe classification?

If no, please specify which other classification is used

4.11 Are there any applicable laws or regulations regarding the prescription and sale of antimicrobials for animals?

If yes, specify reference

4.12 Are there any applicable laws or regulations regarding the use of antimicrobials as growth promotors?

If yes, specify reference

4.13 Is there a nationwide applicable Infection Prevention and Control strategy?

If yes, specify reference

Section 5: Resource Availability

5.1 Have the costs of implementing the AMR NAP been calculated?

If yes, please specify estimated amount

5.2 What approximate proportion of this amount is currently available for the country (if possible, detail separately the proportion of domestic and external funds available.

Please write funds separated as Overall funds available(%), Domestic funds available(%), External funds available(%)

5.3 If applicable, how would you explain the gaps in resource availability that hinder AMR surveillance and control efforts?

5.4 Specify any immediate action that could contribute to bridging these gaps

Section 6: Surveillance Data

6.1 Rank the following types of surveillance according to their degree of operationality at national level (The first number being the most operational – the last number being the least operational)

1. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in humans 2. Antimicrobials use and consumption surveillance in humans 3. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in animals 4. Antimicrobials use and consumption surveillance in animals 5. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in environment 6. Genomic surveillance

6.2 What are the key sources of data for national AMR surveillance?

If other, please specify

6.3 Beyond GLASS, are there nationwide standardized protocols to collect and report on data related to AMR in human health ?

If yes, please give reference

6.4 Which specimen data are routinely collected for surveillance of AMR in human health?

If other specimen, specify

6.5 How are clinical patient data mostly recorded in hospitals and tertiary care sector across the country?

Patient data eg., reason for admission, diagnosis, medical history, treatments, dates of admission to and discharge from hospital, symptoms, reason for death, etc.

If other, please specify

6.6 In most instances, are medical records only accessible within a specific healthcare facility, shared between a network of hospitals/clinics, or accessible on a centralized national platform? (add details/specify)

6.7 Where can death registries be found?

6.8 Are data related to AMR captured in death registries (eg. reason for death: infection due to a resistant microorganism) ?

If yes, please specify which data are captured

6.9 Beyond GLASS, are there nationwide standardized protocols to collect and report on data related to humans AMC/AMU data?

If yes, give references

6.10 Who is in charge (officially or unofficially) of collecting AMC/AMU data? Select all that apply

If other, please specify

6.11 What are the main obstacles to implementing national AMC/AMU surveillance related to human health?

6.12 Are there nationwide standardized protocols to collect and report data related to AMR in animal health ?

If yes, give references

6.13 Are there nationwide standardized protocols to collect and report data related to AMC/AMU in animals ?

If yes, give references

6.14 Do you have any Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework for your surveillance network?

If yes, detail how is the system functioning

6.15 Is the described system performance M&E sufficiently sustainable?

If no, what are the gaps to be filled?

Section 7: One Health Initiative

7.1 How are human health, animal health, and environmental health sectors collaborating to address AMR?

If other, please specify

7.2 If applicable to the country approach, what are the challenges in implementing a One Health approach to AMR surveillance and control?

7.3 What level of efforts is needed to implement and develop a OneHealth integrated surveillance system?

Low efforts
Medium efforts
Significant efforts
Section 8: Civil Society

8.1 How would you quantify the level of engagement of civil society on the issue of AMR?

Low engagement
Medium engagement
Strong engagement

8.2 Are there any national patient association for victims of AMR burden?

If yes, please specify

Section 9:  Networks, Partnerships and Collaborations

9.1 Which regional and global partners are mostly supporting the containment of AMR burden in your country?

If other, please specify

9.2 What role do these partners play in supporting AMR surveillance and control efforts

If other, please specify

9.3 Are there any challenges in collaborating with these partners?

If yes, please specify

9.4 How well are AMR/AMC/AMU surveillance actors in human health identified and engaged at national level?

Low engagement
Medium engagement
Strong engagement

9.5 How well are AMR/AMC/AMU surveillance actors in animal health identified and engaged at national level?

Low engagement
Medium engagement
Strong engagement

9.6 How well are actors responsible for AMR surveillance in the environment identified and engaged at national level?

Low engagement
Medium engagement
Strong engagement

9.7 What immediate solution would help to improve the identification and engagement of those partners?

Section 10: AMR Burden Estimation

10.1 Has any analysis aiming at estimating the burden of AMR on human health been conducted in the country in the past 5 years?

If yes, specify reference(s)

10.2 Has any analysis aiming at estimating the socioeconomic burden of AMR been conducted in the country in the past 5 years?

If yes, specify reference(s)

10.3 Were the findings of those burden analyses utilized to inform decision-making process related to AMR containment?

If other, please specify

Section 11: Additional Comments

Please feel free to provide any additional comments or insights related to AMR surveillance, data collection, national action plans, One Health initiatives, policies, burden analysis, partnerships, and resource availability.

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. Your input is crucial for assessing the status of antimicrobial resistance and guiding future actions in the Southeast Asia region
Copyright © 2023 - 2024 Survey AMR | Free Online Survey and Assessment Tool for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in One Health. All Rights Reserved.

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